HYPERPIGMENTATION

Hyperpigmentation is a frequent disorder in which certain parts of the skin are darker than others. Extra melanin causes brown, black, gray, red, or pink spots or patches. Although the regions are neither unpleasant or irritating, they can make people feel self-conscious. Several lifestyle adjustments and therapies, including sun protection and skin care, can be beneficial.

Hyperpigmentation is a frequent disorder in which certain parts of the skin are darker than others. “Hyper” refers to more, while “pigment” refers to color.

Hyperpigmentation can manifest as brown, black, gray, red, or pink patches or blotches. The spots are also known as aging spots, sun spots, or liver spots

Spots can appear in a single location of the body or all over.

Many things can lead to hyperpigmentation:

• Genetics, such as a freckles
• Hormone changes, such as those seen during puberty or pregnancy.
• Skin injury (for example, acne, wounds, or burns), which is frequently referred to as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Medications that cause light sensitivity, such as oral contraceptives (birth control pills).
• Certain vitamins, such as B12 and folic acid, are deficient.
• Sun exposure (these spots are often called solar lentigines).
• Thyroid disorders.

Depending on the reasons for hyperpigmentation, your healthcare physician may prescribe various lifestyle changes:

Staying out of the sun, applying sunscreen, and wearing protective clothes are all ways to avoid solar damage.

Stopping any medications that may be the source of the problem.

Vitamins are being taken.

Your doctor may also offer prescription or over-the-counter topical treatment (creams or ointments applied to the skin):

Azelaic acid

Corticosteroids.

Glycolic acid (GA) (alpha-hydroxy acid).

Hydroquinone.

Kojic acid is a substance that can diminish the amount of melanin produced by the body.

The acid salicylic.

Bleach your skin.

Tretinoin.

Vitamin B3 or C (niacinamide).

Other possible therapies include:

Chemical peel

Cryotherapy.

Skin resurfacing with a laser.